Survivor’s Quest

For any of them to survive on a remote island, they would have to have the physical capacity to endure the harshness of the wilderness. They should also have the mental and emotional maturity to know when and how to help out and not be a burden to their group. They would have to learn how to live away from their comfort zone. The first best choice would be Father Franz, and not merely because he is a priest. He has the physical strength to live in that kind of environment and he has a farming background which will be of great help in terms of a sustainable food production for the group. He would also be a good candidate to be the leader of the group and again, not just because he is a priest, but because of his being active in civil rights guarantees that he will be just and fair in relating with his islandmates. His being liberal also guarantees that his judgments will always be towards the good of them all; not restricted by religious his biases. His being a priest however makes him a better moral uplifter for them the survivors. The next good choice would be Mr. Blake. He is an outdoors man so his knowledge and skills would be essential for their survival. His construction experience will also become handy in making a shelter for them. His prejudices against blacks however might become a problem for them. Dr. Gonzalez may be an experienced doctor, a skill that would be of great value to all of them in the island. However, he is old, and has already lived a full life. Mr. Newton on the other hand, still has one year to finish in med school. What he has learned in school cannot compare to what Dr. Gonzalez has learned through years of medical practice. However, he is young and can still keep on learning. Provided that he did his homework back in school, what he has learned should be enough for him to be able to treat any ailments and injuries his co-survivors might acquire while they are at the island. He will suddenly be able to put what he has learned in practice. Therefore, Mr. Newton should be allowed on the boat. The two children: Jean Garcia and Bobby Dane should also be allowed on the boat. They are very young and should have the privilege to experience life. But at their age, for them to survive on the island, they would need their parents to nurture them. It was not indicated specifically whether Mrs. Garcia is indeed Jean’s mother. Assuming that she is, she might not have much to present in terms of intelligence and regarding her past, unlike most of the other candidates who has many achievements to enumerate, but she is Jean’s mother, therefore she should be given the chance to raise her child the way she sees fit. Bobby on the other hand is a special case. His condition requires someone to take care of unconditionally him in long terms. That role would be best fulfilled by his parents. His mother should be the best candidate for that. However, she is diabetic. Her condition makes her very fragile especially in a remote island where she would not receive her proper treatment. She might not live long enough to take care of her son. Therefore his father, Dr. Dane should be allowed on the boat instead. He is physically healthy to live long enough to care for Bobby. For such a varied group of people to survive and live together on a remote island, they should all be matured enough to disregard their religious and racial ideologies. They should learn to work and cooperate with each other in order to live harmoniously.

Strategic Management Case Study Module 7

Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Daryl L. Young Thomas Edison State College Strategic Management Module 7 Case Study Housing Bubble and Its Burst Case Study Question 1: Explain the cause of the housing bubble and its burst in the mid-2000s. To what extent is this problem the result of ethical failure? Housing Bubble No single cause can fully explain the crisis but, in my opinion, the two major bases were legislation that promoted homeownership and subprime mortgages. To fully understand the environment that spawned the housing bubble, we’ll have to travel back to the 1930s, when the country was in the midst of the Great Depression.During this time frame, homeownership represented only about 40 percent of the U. S. households (Thompson, Peteraf, Gamble, Strickland, 2012, p. c-423). Following severe mortgage market disruptions, widespread foreclosures, and sinking homeownership rates, the government created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Fannie Mae, the Federa l Home Loan Bank (FHLB), and several decades later Freddie Mac to help promote secure and sustainable homeownership for future generation of Americans (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. 5).A Subprime Mortgage is a type of mortgage that is normally made out to borrowers with lower credit ratings; a conventional mortgage is not offered because the lender views the borrower as having a larger-than-average risk of defaulting on the loan; lending institutions often charge interest on subprime mortgages at a rate that is higher in order to compensate themselves for carrying more risk, as defined by Investopedia. com, 2013. In 1994, subprime mortgages represented approximately 6 percent of total mortgage loans originated but by 2005 the percentage grew to 37. (Thomson et al. , 2012). Private firms like Countrywide, and others, issued more than 84 percent of the subprime mortgages in 2006 (Swift, 2011). Fast-forward to the 2000s and the effect s of federal legislation over 60 years increased homeownership to nearly 70 percent (Thomson et al. , 2012) coupled with an explosion of subprime mortgages, and appreciation of homes values resulted in the housing bubble. Housing Bubble Burst As there are several factors that created the bubble, there are just as many that were responsible for its burst.The most significant factors were the repeal of a major component of the Glass-Steagall Act and a weakened housing market. First, lets look at the Glass-Steagall Act. One of the components in the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 separated investment (brokerage) and commercial banking activities (investopedia. com, 2009). The clause stipulated that banks would be allowed to take deposits and make loans, brokers would be allowed to underwrite and sell securities, but no firm would be allowed to do both due to the conflicts of interest and risks to insured deposits (Rickards, 2012). In 1999, President Bill Clinton and Republicans led by Sen.P hil Gramm repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act, removing barriers that prohibited any one institution from acting as any combination, at the behest of big banks (Rickards, 2012). Secondly, the U. S. economy began to weaken, with declining demand for housing, which caused home prices to plummet and appreciation in home prices came to an end, and in most cases reversing (Thompson et al. , 2012). Homeowners, investors, and financial institutions did not have enough capital supporting their investments to absorb the resulting losses (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. ). Homeowners were faced with foreclosure when they lost income during the economy slowdown or seen their payment on Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs) rise to a point of unaffordability (Thompson et al. , 2012). In 2008, credit markets froze. Our nation's financial system – which had outgrown and outmaneuvered a regulatory framework largely designed in the 1930s †“ was driven to the brink of collapse. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, families lost their homes, and small businesses shut down (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market, A Report to Congress, 2011, P. 5). Countrywides’ RoleCase Study Question 2: Evaluate Countrywide’s role in the subprime mortgage debacle. Was the company’s conduct unethical or illegal? Countrywide’s Role From 2005 to 2007, Countrywide was the leading subprime lender in the country issuing $97. 2 billion in subprime mortgages (Bloomberg Business Week, 2009) but only led in market share by 2 percent. The bottom 16 subprime mortgage-issuing firms accounted for $363. 5 billion in mortgages (reference chart 1). Countrywide was responsible for 10 percent of a $1 trillion problem. Conduct Unethical or Illegal Countrywide practices were illegal.Countrywide was charged with predatory lending practices (Thompson et al. , 2012) and later reached a multi-state settlement for $8. 68 billion (Huffman, 2008). â€Å" Countrywide’s lending practices turned the American dream into a nightmare fore tens of thousands of families by putting them into loans they couldn’t understand and ultimately couldn’t afford,† said Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr. , a co-leader of the negotiations for the states (Huffman, 2008). Countrywide settlement became the largest predatory lending settlement in history, dwarfing the nationwide $484 million settlement (Huffman, 2008).Case Study Question 3: Using this case as an example, who benefits and who gets hurt when a company engages in unethical or socially irresponsible behavior? In the long-term, no one benefits from this behavior. In this case study, the companies, shareholders, consumers, and global economy all suffered from the irresponsible behavior of many in the financial sector. Between June 2007 and November 2008, Americans lost more than a quarter of their net worth (Wikipedia. org, 2013). T otal retirement assets dropped by 22 percent, from $10. 3 trillion in 2006 to $8 trillion in mid-2008 (Wikipedia. org, 2013).As with most unethical or irresponsible corporate behavior there are no long-term winners. References Denning, S. (2001). Lest We Forget: Why We Had a Financial Crisis. Forbes. Retrieve from: http://www. forbes. com/sites/stevedenning/2011/11/22/5086/ Huffman, M. (2008). Countrywide Settles Predatory Lending Charges for $8. 68 Billion. Consumer Affairs. Retrieved from: http://www. consumeraffairs. com/news04/2008/10/ countrywide_settlement. html Investopedia. (2013). Definition of Housing Bubble. Retrieved from: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/h/housing_bubble. asp#axzz2NRrhirhT Rickards, J. (2012).Repeal of Glass-Steagall Caused the Financial Crisis. Economic Intelligence. Retrieved from: http://www. usnews. com/opinion/blogs/economic- intelligence/2012/08/27/repeal-of-glass-steagall-caused-the-financial-crisis The Department of the Treasury. (2011). Refo rming America’s Housing Finance Markets, A Report to Congress. Retrieved from: http://www. treasury. gov/initiatives/Documents/ Reforming%20America's%20Housing%20Finance%20Market. pdf Thompson, A. , Peteraf, M. , Gamble, J. , Strickland III, A. (2012). Crafting & Executing Strategy, The Quest for Competitive Advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Agora film review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Agora film review - Research Paper Example The film Agora follows the philosopher Hypatia, a historical person portrayed in the film, through the process of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire near the end of the fourth century AD. It also follows a central cast of character who surround Hypatia, and her school in Alexandria, through this tumultuous time period.The film consciously inverts the understanding of religion that we have in Western society today, where the Christians are dominant and other religions are more in the minority. In this film, Christians are the minority religion, though growing quickly and set to replace Pagans as the most powerful religion in the Roman Empire, but much of the state is still in the control of the Pagans. Hypatia and those around her get into frequent conflict with the Christians, including at one point being mobbed by a group of them during conflict over the teaching and interpretation of science. The Christians then go on to vandalize a library, one of the first assaults on scien ce in the film. Hypatia frequently refuses to bow to demands that she stops studying sciences, which end up in her getting persecuted, and eventually stoned (though she is mercifully killed before the stoning by a good friend of hers, who strangles her). Hypatia was a scientist who taught at a platonic school that taught the most powerful people in the Empire. She had a love of science that rivaled almost anything else. She began the film as a highly respected person of a relatively high cast of society – her father was an important person and a slave owner, and she had a small cadre of very loyal follows and students in her school. Hypatia has several admirable qualities that are important to her. Firstly, she is a vastly intelligent person, as demonstrated by her qualification as one of the most important teachers in one of the most important schools in the most scientific city in the Ancient world. Beyond this alone, Hypatia is also a brave, and to be quite frank, an incre dibly stubborn person. When put on by a mob of Christians who begin burning down the most important library in the world, Hypatia risks her life to save many of the scrolls of science that might be completely irreplaceable if they end up destroyed. Furthermore, she continues studying subjects that are forbidden by the newly powerful Christian religion, such as the theory of heliocentrism, which says that the sun is at the center of the universe instead of the earth, despite the fact that her life is threatened again and again because of her refusal of studying. Even when her former students, such as Orestes, give up and on several occasions review to answer questions regarding what they believe and do not believe because of their fear of consequences (or possibly because they have genuinely changed their minds because of conversions to Christianity), Hypatia stands firm with her beliefs in science over religion, despite the threats to her life. Finally, she is a good person, which i s shown by the incredible loyalties that she develops, with her friends willing to stand firm with her through thick and thin, and even kill her mercifully when there is no other option. This film displays the decline and fall of the Roman Empire as centering around one issue and almost entirely one issue: the rise of Christianity and its replacing traditional Paganism. This represented a fundamental shift in the Roman Empire for several reasons. Firstly, the traditional Pagan religion allowed for the worship of a wide variety of gods and a great deal of different cultures and backgrounds. It would allow for other traditional religions to also exist in addition to the Roman one, it allowed for a great deal of cultural plurality. Christianity, on the other

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment Research Paper

Causes and Effects of the U.S. Unemployment - Research Paper Example Simply put, it is the lack of a job. Let’s consider different types of unemployment prevailing in the United States. Frictional unemployment is one of the most common forms in any job market whereby transitions in the job market make people jobless only temporarily. For instance, a person who has not started his/her new job after resigning from his previous job is experiencing frictional unemployment. Another form is the structural unemployment in which case the job market usually does not have enough capacity to absorb qualified people in a given field who have undergone training. For instance, the emergence of the web-based economy saw the enrolment of many people for the course across the United States, making it hard for them to find jobs in the field upon graduation, since there was already a surplus of qualified people in the field (Milan 37). This type is also common in economies experiencing slow or negative growth rates in certain fields. Cyclical unemployment refers to the changes in employment patterns that relate to the cyclical changes in a given economy characterised by highs and ups. Recessions and economic booms are the factors upon which this type is defined. During the recession periods, the market is not capable of providing employment for many employees in a given sector, hence, making them be unemployed until the economy rebounds. There is the newly introduced type known as technological unemployment in which the introduction of new automated and computerised systems lead to layoffs and lack of job openings in previously employing industries of firms. The last category is the seasonal employment, which refers to a situation whereby rates of unemployment vary according to the yearly seasons, with some having many job opportunities while others hardly having any. Another example of this type is represented by the tourism sectors in many countries where the frequency of tourists changes with seasons, with drier seasons having high rates of employment while the winter leads in unemployment rates (Markus 87). Causes of unemployment There are many reasons the economic and social development experts, as well as politicians, point to as the causes of unemployment in the United States of America. The first is the country’s population, which is projected to be a factor on an upward trend. Analysts say it has led to a higher ratio of unemployment among the citizens. The argument is that jobs have remained relatively the same due to mechanization and computerization of many production systems while the population rises. There is severe competition on indigenous companies from foreign companies, which have cheap labour in their home countries hence being able to produce cheaply and consequently leading to lower pricing of goods. This has resulted in the closure of several companies across the country with the obvious effect of leaving their employees jobless. Many companies are embracing the practice of flattening th eir structures to facilitate smooth operation of business, in contrast to the tall company structures. Others have introduced software that can carry out several tasks at once, taking the place of several persons at once. Outsourcing of cheap labour from other parts of the world is also a common occurrence among

The Battle of Bunker Hill and Breed Hill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Battle of Bunker Hill and Breed Hill - Essay Example The British were aware how important Boston was to the colonists. The city was on a peninsula in Boston Harbor which was a vital trade link. Across the Charles River, just across from Boston, on another peninsula were two hills, Breed Hill and Bunker Hill. Although most of the fighting took place on Breed Hill, the battle took the name of Bunker Hill which had a higher eminence. Due to the threat the surrounding hills might pose on their hold on Boston, the British decided to taken possession of them. The American Rebels led by General Prescott, Putnam and Warren attempted to fence in and stall the British in Boston by taking command of the hills. To this end they sent forces to fortify both hills with trenches and bales of cotton and hay. Warren assumed that the construction of works on Bunker Hill would lure the British into battle (Ketchum 1999). When the British observed the Americans taking possession of the hills, they began to bombard American positions from their ships stationed outside the harbor, while waiting for reinforcements to arrive. Eventually with around 3000 troops the British stormed up Breed Hill. The daring of the British was apparent, as they could have marched to Charlestown and blocked supplies and reinforcements from reaching Prescott. Instead they soldiered up the hill.

Police Response to Domestic Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police Response to Domestic Violence - Essay Example By using discretion to avoid making arrests in some cases, the police are perceived to be declining to offer â€Å"necessary assistance to the victims of the violence† (Hendricks and Byers, 37). The police policy geared at delaying response with intention that the â€Å"domestic violence would resolve itself† has in some cases been worsening the situation instead of helping it (Hendricks and Byers, 39). Hendricks and Byers assert that the police are normally trained to rely more on crisis intervention, mediations and separations of parties involved in the violence, counseling for substance abuse cases, and let the victims carry the burden of arrest. Practically, this kind of training has made it very difficult for these victims especially the poor ones to seek justice against the sufferings they undergo during the violence (102). Police officers prefer not to respond to domestic violence calls following the organizational disincentives. For instance, the officers perceive the violence to be dangerous. â€Å"Statutory restrictions on misdemeanor† have prevented the police from doing anything worthwhile (Hendricks and Byers, 112). The cases in which the victims fail to follow through with prosecution have also demoralized the officers from responding to the violence as required of them. There also have been cases in which the police are accused of being biased while making arrests on the â€Å"offenders of the domestic violence† (Hendricks and Byers, 113). There have been several reforms that have been enacted to improve the â€Å"police response to domestic violence† (Hendricks and Byers, 115). The reforms were pushed through due to mounting pressure from the women’s rights groups and battered women’s advocates. Implementation of pro-arrest policies such as Domestic Violence Act has been instrumental in ensuring â€Å"warrantless arrest† in cases perceived to have probable cause of violation of a protection order (Hendricks and Byers, 118). According to

Our Interactions With Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Interactions With Media - Essay Example Fun is derived if one has played the sport before. Despite being a family, it was easier to use it for since it’s a game that they used to play and they are passionate about it. The three selected are all females. The mother is a nurse in a nearby hospital and the niece has just graduated as an accountant. The daughter is in the secondary level learning. Observations As they played the wii sport computer game, it was very evident that the all enjoyed the game and as the nature of the game is that full concentration is a must for fun derivation. Two players were playing at a time and whoever wins plays with the next. It was really painful for one to stay out as she waited for her next turn. The nature of the game is such that one would wish to play again and again. The golf version was the one they enjoyed the most and whenever the ball missed the hole one could even stand up and throw away the remote control since that will mark cumulatively the end of the game for her. On the other hand, whoever was on the winning side could celebrate and rejoice. The mother was like the expert and she was not knocked out at any given time. It was her daughter and the niece whom were constantly knocked out interchangeably. It reached a time where the mother was no longer celebrating even after winning since it was becoming boredom on her side. She decided finally allowed the two young stars to face out. This was the most interesting bit since everyone at their discretion hoped to outdo the other. The pain to lose here was much and the first round the daughter won. She could not believe. The niece at some point could celebrate in style that irritated the daughter. After the whole session of serious play, I asked them some questions. Of the five questions I had the answers to two of which I considered too obvious. The person whom was perceived the best of the three was the mother. I asked of them and it was clear that the more one play the better and sharper they became. It was likely that the mother had played the wii sport for quite a long duration of time. The mother’s response to questions was precise and it depicted a lot of maturity. A question that called for response from all the three was a bit technical since the two children were a bit hesitant in their responses as compared to the mother. The similarity of the responses from the two children in my own perspective was greatly attributed to the age factor. This also brought the difference with their mother because of the great age gap. The differences were interesting since I expected the children to participate fully in the answering of the questions given that they are the ones who seemed to be carried away with the computer game than the mother. The question to whether they would like to play the game again and again was responded d to differently and by this I think it was because the difference in the stage of human development and also other pre-occupational factors. Critical theory is a school of thought which stresses on the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture by applying knowledge from the social sciences and the humanities. The setup created a reflective situation that brought in proper analisation of the computer games. As a term, critical theory has two meanings with different origins and histories: the first originated in sociology and the second originated in literary criticism, whereby it is used and applied as an all in one term that can describe a theory founded

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example It is revealed by the writer that they managed to bring their culture along with them to America, which ensured more intimacy among the members, more interaction, good leadership, sharing, and so many other virtues. The introduction is meant to teach the readers the very purpose of the book; to explore the role of opportunities in making someone successful. The writer points out that ‘the Rosetans were cooking with lard instead of with the much healthier olive oil.’ (6). Also, there is the revelation that they consumed more fat, were more obese, and smoked heavily. Despite all these negative aspects, the people lived a healthier life than other people. The reason, according to the writer, is that the culture allowed people to live healthier by offering better living conditions. Thus, the gist is that when one gets the right opportunities, one becomes successful. The first chapter ‘The Matthew Effect’ is a further exploration of this issue by analyzing the se lection to the Major Junior A Hockey. Admittedly, when one sees a hockey player who is successful, one feels that player is successful because of the player’s innate talent and skills. ... At the first glance, and even to those who watch closely, it seems that one cannot buy a position in the Major Junior A hockey. In other words, the impression is that only those who are wiling to work and only those who have ability will manage to get into Major Junior A level. While claiming that there is something not quite right with this conception, Gladwell indicates that our concept of successful people in every sphere of life is marred by a number of erroneous conceptions (10). In fact, I used to possess the view that it is possible for people to grow to any levels through hard work. Admittedly, this view was the result of reading various accounts of celebrities and entrepreneurs achieving great success in their life. They all love claiming a poor or mediocre beginning, and then reaching the zenith of success through their individual hard work and brilliance. However, rejecting all these claims, the writer points out in ‘Outliers’ that ‘all these kinds of pe rsonal explanations of success don’t work’ (Gladwell 11). Instead, the writer points out that all those successful people made advantage of various factors other than their own personal struggle to be successful. In the words of the writer, they are ‘the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot’ (Gladwell 11). The most attractive part of this chapter, admittedly, is the example of the oak tree (11). He points out that the tallest oak tree in the forest becomes the tallest not only because of its own abilities, but also because of various factors. To illustrate, other trees did not block the

Childhood and Young People Essay Example for Free

Childhood and Young People Essay Describe ways in which discrimination may deliberately or inadvertently occur in work? The ways in work that this would occur would be if you have a policy where you will employ anyone without discrimination but without having disabled access that would be inadvertently. Describe the sorts of behaviour problems that should be referred to other and to whom these should be referred? The sorts of behaviour problems that should be referred are if a problem keeps re-occurring such as hitting, biting, and swearing. This should be referred to your manager and then that’s for the manager to take further or not. Describe the different transitions children and young people may experience? There are different transitions that children and young people may go through can be planned for such as moving to a primary school but the transitions that you cant plan for will be a sudden death in the family which this could be traumatic for the child. Explain how to give adult support for each of the transitions? The most important part of giving adult support to a child when going through these transitions would just letting the child know that there is someone for them to rely on. Explain how a work setting can encourage children and young people’s positive behaviour? Depending on the age of the child the encouragement doesn’t really change for example 1-2 year old you would distract the child if they aren’t displaying good behaviour and then praise them while keeping calm and patient and make sure you stay being a good role model. For a 3-4 year old you would praise and encourage the child and then next explain while keeping patient and then supervise the child and then make sure that you continue to be a role model. Reflect on own role in promoting positive behaviour? In my role I think promoting positive behaviour is important so you build a bond with that child so when they do go through a stage of bad behaviour they respect you and listen to you when you guiding them in the right direction. Also praise is the most important when promoting positive behaviour this would be a case of reverse physiology. Review effectiveness of own contribution to the assessment of the development needs of a child or young person? Review effectiveness of own role in supporting the child or young persons development? Identify changes that can be made to own practice in supporting child and young person development? Outline own role and responsibilities in the event of a child or young person requiring urgent medical attention? When a child needs urgent medical attention the first thing that you should do is find out how bad the injury in to determine what you need to do to help the child then you need to react and provide first aid on the child if more serious ring for an ambulance. Then next monitor the child for further re-occurring effects, this is mainly for a head injury. Then you will need to record the injury and what happened and what first aid you carried out on the child. Outline procedures for infection control in own work setting? The procedures that we have in place in the work setting are cleaning charts and professionals that come in and check over the setting to make sure that it is clean. Also we make sure the toys are clean for the children to play with to reduce infection and cleaning the nursery every night. Also if there is a spill of any kind such as blood or sick, we have different coloured buckets to clean it up to reduce contamination. If you were to be in the kitchen we use different coloured chopping boards to stop the risk of cross contamination which could lead to infection. Explain how the procedures of the work setting protect both children and young people and practitioners? This protects everyone in the setting from infection such as illness for example the common cold. This protects everyone because the cleaner the better, if the rooms were never cleaned or tidied that’s how infection would built because when you clean you kill any type of infection. Describe what is meant by a positive environment? A positive environment would be where staff and children are happy at all times, where everyone gets on well and keeps the setting positive. Making sure that the children have enough the play with both indoor and outdoor to keep them happy, when there is enough space for the children to play it keeps them positive. Although we need to make sure that the setting is fun and attractive it needs to be safe and secure. Identify regulatory requirements that underpin a positive environment for children and young people? The regulatory requirements that underpin a positive environment for children must be safe to work in, so this is why there are ratio’s to children to staff. Also yearly Ofsted will visit the setting to make sure you are sticking to these requirements, a few examples would be the heating, making sure it’s always at the right temperature which is 15-18 degrees or for babies 20-22. Another would be radiators and pipes to be covered and smoke alarms fitted in the setting and making sure that emergency equipment is always available. Explain how to effectively care for children and young people’s skin, teeth and hair? It is always important that children’s skin teeth and hair is looked after. Skin – children are encouraged to wash hands after using the toilet or before they, also as they get older they should be encouraged to wash their own bodies when they wake up and before they go to bed for example letting the child have their own flannel will encourage this.

Noble Prize in Physics Essay Example for Free

Noble Prize in Physics Essay The Nobel Prize was established in the year 1895 following the honor of Alfred Nobel who was among the chemists considered influential and powerful in the scenes of inventions. It is imperative to note that Nobel Prize in Physics is regarded as a precious award in this field of study and thus its reception comes with a lot of dignity and respect. On the third day of May, the year 1902, a year after the Nobel Prize was first awarded, Alfred Kastler was born. This was in Guebwiller in Alsace where he also studied in his earlier life before he continued further at Oberrrealchile of Colmar. He was later to collect the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1966. Kastler taught for close to five years before furthering his career to higher education by joining Faculty of Science at Bordeaux . He later worked as a lecturer at Clermont_Ferrand for two years, then at Bordeaux again, but this time as a professor for two years. In 1941, George Bruhat asked Alfred to abandon his occupation in Germany and join them in Paris where he was to assist in building physics teaching program at Ecole Normale Superieure. Although the post he was offered was provisional, he did accept to take it. He was later confirmed in 1952 at the Paris Faculty of Sciences when he was allocated an official position. Alfred Kastler is reported to have developed an interest in science in his junior level studies particularly because of his mathematics teachers at that time who greatly influenced his choice. He was later to strengthen his foundation in mathematics when he joined a special mathematics class held by some two influential scientists, Brunold and Mahuet. It was these two who made him secure an entry to the Ecole Normale Superieure. This college offered a rather friendly environment where one could comfortably study to great depth his field of specialization. Bohr’s atom and other interesting concepts of quantum physics were introduced to Alfred by one of his teachers Eugene Bloch. Kastler developed a particular interest in the approach used by Sommerfeld in his analysis of atomic structures and the explanations on the observable spectral lines. Sommerfeld’s book explained the famous principles of conservation of momentum as applied in the investigation of energy exchange processes between atoms and even radiation by A. Rubinowicz. Interpretation of various selection rules for example, for azimuthal quantum number and also polarization in the Zeeman effect are traced to this principle. All the research work carried out by Kastler was also stemmed on this principle. Alfred went ahead and even carried out experiments in attempt to elucidate there exist transverse component of the momentum of photons. These experiments failed since he discovered they never existed. This he realized after appreciating the results obtained by R. Frisch who was his predecessor in this field of study. At the time when Alfred Kastler was appointed to assist professor Pierre Daure back at Bordeaux Faculty of Science, most of his free time was devoted to research work since his duties ten were less strenuous. It was at this time that Professor Daure introduced him into the field of experimental spectroscopy. Alfred studied optical spectrometry specifically, atomic fluorescence and also Raman spectroscopy. During his studies, the luminescence of sodium atoms in the upper atmosphere greatly interested him leading to his discovery of the D line of the twilight sky that could actually get absorbed by the sodium vapor. He also carried out intensive research at Abisko exposing his experiments to prolonged twilight and together with his colleague, Jean Bricard, he demonstrated that D line is polarized. This is indeed justified if this emission mechanism produced by solar radiation is of the optical resonance type. Alfred remained focused and persistent in his research thereby developing a systematic approach to the consequences of the principal of conservation of angular momentum as observed in optical (light) scattering and also in fluorescence. During this process, he realized that optical excitation of atoms and especially when done in steps, was a very interesting method in experimental physics since the operator could at will subject different monochromatic sources of radiation to polarization and then observe the atom rise through successive steps depending on the absorbed increased energy amounts. Many other scientists applied various methods to investigate atoms especially at the fundamental state; something was yet to be done about their excited states. The suggestion to extend investigation methods to the excited states of atoms was made by one renowned scientist, Bitter, who also Kastlers’ former student. It was then that Kastler and Brossel resolved to use â€Å"double resonance method†. This method was a little bit complicated and involved a combination of the already existing methods of analysis; optical resonance and magnetic resonance. Experiments involving â€Å"Double resonance† involved the use of an r. f field of a corresponding frequency to the interval observed in Zeeman splitting. This in turn depolarizes polarized ground state resulting into increased or accelerated optical absorption as controlled using a photodiode. Since Brossel had prior knowledge on the study of exited states which he did back at M. I. T and Kastler was an expert in optical pumping, this was a great boost particularly when it came to combining the two methods. Together, they worked to perfect the methods receiving assistance from young energetic intellectuals from Ecole Normale in Paris. Kastler is also reported to have had very stimulating lectures about this particular field. According to his students, he described atoms and photons in the simplest of ways making them much more interesting than they had imagined, posing new possibilities to be explored further in this field. He considered himself a student and was always eager to be taught and explore new things. No wander he sometimes sat amid the learners keenly following lectures on matrix theory! His analysis in the earlier stages involved the use of mercury atom which he excited optically in the presence of a magnetic field. He observed only selected Zeeman sublevels presented in those exited states. Of significant interest was the observable selection that still existed even in the absence of magnetic field (zero magnetic fields). Alfred also realized that Fermi and Rasetti had used alternating magnetic field in their experiments on excited atoms but never studied resonance phenomenon of the same. It is thus indeed the polarized light which permits this detection using light of the magnetic resonance of the excited states. In the process of applying double resonance by Jean, Alfred showed that are optically excitated using circularly polarized light enabled the transfer of angular momentum to the atoms. The French physicist won the respected Nobel Prize for Physics in 1966. This followed his new discovery, development and implementation of methods used in observing Hertzian resonance within atoms. At that time, he was the professor in charge of Laboratory physics at Ecole Normale Superieure. His research work that saw him earn this award initiated the study of atomic structures in greater depths using emitted radiations from the atoms under excitation by light waves or even radio waves. He actually used â€Å"Optical pumping method† to stimulate atoms from their fundamental state other excited states. This technique is currently utilized to produce spin alignment in a selected gas with specific atoms. For instance, application of circularly polarized light at specific frequencies will initiate transitions from ground state to excited states. The light energy used in the process of stimulating the atoms was greatly re-emitted and thus both maser and laser technologies trace their roots to optical pumping. This technique, though comparatively simple, it is significantly applied in measuring hyperfine splitting effect and even nuclear magnetic moments as exhibited by some suitable atoms. This forms the fundamental principles behind the operation of a low-field magnetometer and also that of an atomic clock. It is also imperative to appreciate that as Alfred and his team was progressing with their research, several foreign teams reported to have achieved excellent results using techniques that were developed by him. They could actually measurements on nuclear quadruple electric moments as observed in alkali metals among many other discoveries. Alfred Kastler spent most of his research time studying ground and also excited states of atoms. This brought him a fat harvest of results especially on the quality of the data he obtained together with his team while studying various parameters of an atom. For instance, their data helped them analyze relaxation processes making them determine precise and exact values of nuclear magnetic resonance in the process. Consequently, they made several discoveries involving high-order perturbations where he demonstrated Hertzian resonance shifts in the act of optical irradiation amongst many other phenomenons. His significant contribution to this field of physics was thus worth rewarding. References L. Allen and J. H. Eberly (1987), Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms. Dover Publications, New York Alfred Kastler. (2009). â€Å"Encyclopedia Britannica†. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/313094/Alfred-Kastler A. Kastler. (1967) , Optical methods for studying Hertzian resonance. Science Harald Klepel and Dieter Suter. ( 1992. ) Transverse Optical pumping with polarization-modulated light. Optics Commun. ,

Developments in the West End Musical Scene

Developments in the West End Musical Scene DISCUSS THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WEST END MUSICAL SCENE; THIS SHOULD INCLUDE AN ANALYSIS OF THE MEGA-MUSICAL MANIA, THE TREND TO CREATE NEW MUSICALS BASED ON EXISTING SONGS (SONG MIGRATION) AND STAGE TRANSFERS OF SUCCESSFUL FILMS. From Sophocles through William Shakespeare to Eminem, writers have sought to use the rhythms of language to accentuate the story they are seeking to share. The pre-Caxton[1] society relied on an oral tradition to deliver stories of fact and fiction. Cultures spanning the entire globe and all ages of civilization have instinctively adopted musical storytelling; it is prominent in various forms even now – be it around a camp fire, at a tribal ceremony, an inner city playground or on a West End stage. In todays world, language and music are at our fingertips. They are both instantaneous. And they can be married in a second. Technically, music is intricate. Most writers will say the same about language. But in an inspired moment they can conjoin and express something wonderful both sonically and linguistically. The act of constructing such a moment can be the end result of many less fruitful moments – but there is always the chance that it could just happen instantaneously. Our logistical minds tell us that it just is not possible; that we would never be able to express ourselves beautifully and eloquently in musical form. And yet the compulsion to try and do so has arrested most people, even if only for a quickly aborted solitary moment. So perhaps here lies the fascination with musicals. They show life as we know it happily residing in an alternate reality – where music and language are easy bed partners and everything goes to extremes. Or does it? The West End is one of Londons most popular tourist attractions. It has built its reputation, in tandem with New Yorks Broadway, as the commercial mecca of musical theatre. Las Vegas has the showgirls but Broadway and the West End share the showtunes. Indeed, while their identities are undeniably distinct, the relationship between them is close; same sex twins rather than identical ones. Each has their own nuances of behaviour – the younger twin Broadway hunts that bit more keenly for the next off-beat musical whirlwind; the older West End plays percentages but plays them with palpable success. The term West End was originally coined as a geographical short cut – a way of describing a part of London synonymous with theatre. Since its inception into London vernacular the phrase West End has mutated to describe something meta-geographical. While once upon a time it merely represented an actual place, now it also describes the gateway to an invented world of glitz, glamour and show. The West End may still be the home of theatre, but the kind of theatre that it houses has become very easily classifiable. The listings do not lie. And neither do they try to. The West End is a haven for small ideas done big; big names, big shows, big spectacles, big budgets, big risks. The social and artistic significance of theatre as an art form has not suffered in the time since the West End theatres were constructed. But the immediacy of rival entertainments, chiefly television and film, has undoubtedly provided so comfortable an alternative for the borderline theatregoing public that its popularity has. Ultimately, the publics relationship with theatre has somewhat inverted itself; once the entertainment of the people, theatre has become high-brow, elitist, exclusive even. Or so we are led to believe. Every year the people entrusted with running the countrys theatres are ensconced in attempts to make theatre more accessible. Nicholas Hytner at the National Theatre has incorporated a sponsorship deal with Travelex with the express purpose of enabling its shows to be available to people for as little as  £10 a ticket. Theatrical output is continuing to diversify in new directions. The National Theatre still produces the time-honoured classics that will appease their traditional supporters. But they also invited outside companies including Theatre de Complicite, Improbable, Shunt and Kneehigh to co-develop their new work. Arts Council funding dictates a certain amount of programming for in-house producing theatres throughout the country. It is impossible to equate the artistic worth of a proposed project while it exists solely as an outline on a piece of paper. But it is easier to quantify the greater social import of the same project. Therefore the involvement in various local outreach initiatives including young peoples theatre and new writing programmes serves duplicate purposes. But in doing so it runs the risk of wrestling a certain amount of control from the artistic directors, or at least diluting the intent of their work. But the West End is not really concerned with any of this. The theatres are privately owned and have little social obligation. West End theatre is a notoriously unpredictable money market. Make a big success of yourself and you can eventually buy it up – which is exactly what Andrew Lloyd Webber and Cameron Mackintosh have ended up doing. Lloyd Webbers Really Useful Group are the proprietors of twelve of the capitals larger theatres. By January 2006 Delfont Mackintosh will control another seven, and will have begun constructing the Sondheim Theatre – the first theatre to be built on Shaftesbury Avenue since 1931. The long-term plan of Delfont Mackintosh is to refurbish and modernise theatreland. But one cannot help but think that their extreme makeover will be restricted to the facilities and layout – and that the entertainment will remain as traditional as ever. The musical-as-we-know-it grew out of the 19th Century tradition of music hall, which itself was the bastard son of drink and rowdiness. After removing the alcohol from drunken singalongs, and relocating from the pub to theatres, the 1860s saw the popularity of the newly-arrived music hall go from good idea to massively popular entertainment. The humbling beginnings of the musical cannot help but reveal the nucleus of the idea; it was born of accident – of people seeking to have pure, unadulterated entertainment. In that respect, it has no one form; no one philosophy; indeed no real sense of philosophy; no real sense of purpose other than fun, fun, fun! As the musical was developing it was the bastion of popular music of the time. Through Gilbert and Sullivan, Irving Berlin, Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill and Cole Porter, the men and women behind musical were the most revered song writers at work in the Western world. Ten years into the post-war era there was a marked shift. The musical standards that made dry, wry and witty observations about upper middle class were about to be trumped by rock and roll. And John Osbournes 1956 kitchen-sink-drama Look Back In Anger was going to have repercussions outside the world of the well-made play[2]. The birth of transmittable media was only going to swell the amount of music being produced. In the early days of the wireless radio, families gathered to listen to the songs of Ivor Novello or Noel Coward. By the mid-1960s many families had television sets in their front rooms; radio broadcasts were a competitive business; and air transport links had made the world traversable for all those who could afford it. Music was a commodity that could be sent from one side of the world to the other. And in the slipstream of the music were the musicians themselves. Through television and radio, songwriters and musicians had an identity. They became icons – the most celebrated people on the planet. And their music was nowhere near the West End stage. For the first time since their inception musicals were not using the popular music of the time. Rocknroll was being held in musical purgatory by traditionalists unhappy at its low-brow ideals. While cinema was running as fast and far as it could with the concept of the film musical, the stage was seeking to deliver variations on earlier themes. Elvis Presley made numerous musical films – as did The Beatles. In the 1960s the West End was awash with Broadway imports – the influence of Leonard Bernstein, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Lerner and Loewe and other transatlantic success stories was diluting the integrity of the West End as the older brother of the musical. But the psychedelic overtones of that time were to create musical anomalies; while some composers flirted with the conce pt of rock, others werent afraid to dive headlong into its bottomless pit. After its anti-Vietnam stance and inclusion of group nudity caused outrage on Broadway, Hair opened in the West End in 1968. From being the chosen playground of mild-mannered conservatives, the musical was being politicised – and modernised. Within five years, the Age of Aquarius[3] had been further capitalized upon by Godspell, Oh Calcutta and even Jesus Christ Superstar – which proved to be the foundation on which the new dawn of the musical would be built. Todays twin Godfathers of musical composition for Broadway and the West End carry the bright torch of yesteryear; Stephen Sondheim represents his forefathers fascination with the off-beat, with Andrew Lloyd Webber never straying from the musically conservative beat. There are various factors that dictate the recent successes and failures in West End theatre. But the starting point for every West End production is money – a fact beautifully demonstrated by the plot of one of the West Ends most popular current productions The Producers. Essentially, the capitalist dawn that swallowed up free love has made currency the new leading man in musical theatre. Producers need big ideas and big songs to legislate for big budgets. So instead of trying to predict what people may like and creating a musical story around it, the West End decided to reduce the risk and simply take the music that people already like and create a story around that. In some ways the origin of song migration is old revue style shows – popular hits belted out with no real desire to create an accompanying piece of drama or comedy. Coupled with the screen to stage success of musical films like The Lion King, a producer was now able to weigh up potential West End shows safe in the knowledge that a stable of worldwide smash hits could enable a musical to run for years, even with a bad review. Suddenly the sheer bankability of Lloyd Webber was looking like an outlandish risk alongside the music of Abba[4], Queen[5] or even (the critically lauded but never supergroup status) of Madness[6]. Negotiations are in process for the trend to continue, with Bob Marley, The Beatles and Elton John just some of the musical legends in line to have their songs shoe-horned into some money-spinning stage extravaganza that makes almost no sense at all. Not that the public really care. They want to go and sing-a-long like the pub dwellers of the 1840s that unknowi ngly helped begin the process of musical theatre. And who shall we choose to lead the sing-song? Well, preferably someone famous off the telly, of course. The West End is a remarkably lucrative place. For his unscheduled stint in the opening cast run of The Producers at the end of 2004, Nathan Lane was being paid  £42,000 a week for the lead role as Max Bialystock. It is a clear indication of the simple transaction between moneymen and talent; the star name guarantees the box office receipts. The West End has been flooded with stars – some of whom have no musical pedigree – because celebrity is deemed to have finally overridden talent. The good, bad and ugly (in no particular order) of recent years include David Hasselhoff[7], Martine McCutcheon[8] and Denise Van Outen[9]. And if you dont want to spend money on star names, then youd better be sure to have some seriously impressive stage gimmicks; Miss Saigon famously had a helicopter, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang got in to hot water when the eponymous flying car failed to take off in previews, and Phantom of the Opera has a plunging chandelier moment that will wake up anyone snoozing in the stalls. So with standard tickets averaging out at around  £40, the theatregoer demands a truly amazing experience. But amazing and original are poles apart – and thats why when the formula is right, all you need to do is repeat it. There are exceptions. The Bombitty of Errors was a rap interpretation of Shakespeares Comedy of Errors, and was a small but perfectly-formed global success. Stomp became a phenomenon through gradual word of mouth and because it is a different kind of spectacle. Jerry Springer: The Opera began life as an idea at a scratch night at the Battersea Arts Centre and grabbed the attention of every newspaper and fundamentalist Christian in the Western World. But such shows grow from humble beginnings and are swept away on public curiosity. As in any art form, there are people willing to take risks because they believe their work has a market. Bombay Dreams and The Far Pavilions identify a recently developed appreciation of Asian music and culture. The off-Broadway hit Batboy continues in the tradition of earlier pacesetters The Rocky Horror Picture Show and Hedwig and the Angry Inch for kitsch rock operas. But some of these are accidental intruders in the world of the West End. They werent sure if they were really invited but came anyway. One group that certainly were invited are blockbuster films; whether they have songs in them or not. Seemingly the films dont even have to have been that successful. The Witches of Eastwick had a successful run in the West End. But more than likely, the film will have a readymade audience. The Full Monty was relocated to middle America from Sheffield to make it a Broadway success. Billy Elliott is well into previews, but the advance word is that it will be a significant hit. Or better still, just take a film with songs already in them – you dont stand to make as much money, but the guarantee of an audience is that much stronger. Mary Poppins has been well-received by most, and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is in its third year. There are currently 36 theatres in the West End of Londons theatreland[10]. As of Monday 2 May 2005, 27 are currently housing a production. 17 of those are musicals. This ratio is fairly consistent – and shows no signs of relenting. Essentially a hit West End musical needs a hook; star name, hit songs, hit movie, famous composer, popular revival. Something that can be reduced to a two-word phrase. If you havent got any of those, then heaven help you. Because the West End public certainly wont. BIBLIOGRAPHY In-yer-face Theatre: British Drama TodayAleks Sierz Faber Faber2001 Scene Unseen: Londons West End TheatresBarson, Kendall, Longman, SmithEnglish Heritage Publications 2003 Brewers Theatre: Phrase Fable DictionaryCassell Market House Books1994 MusicalsKurt Ganzl Carlton Books2004 Time Out (London) Issue No. 1810 April 27-May 4 2005 Musicals 101.com 1 Footnotes [1] William Caxton, inventor of the printing press (1474), which enabled literature to be mass-produced and readily available to the public. [2] A term coined by Terrence Rattigan for the four-act structure of a play that had been the norm for successful playwrights in the first half of the Twentieth Century. [3] A term synonymous with late 60s flower power and liberal ideologies – derived from a song from the musical Hair. [4] Mamma Mia. [5] We Will Rock You. [6] Our House. [7] Chicago, Adelphi Theatre, 2004 [8] My Fair Lady, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, 2001 [9] Chicago, Adelphi, 2001, Tell Me On A Sunday, Gielgud, 2003 [10] They are the Adelphi, Albery, Aldwych, Apollo, Arts, Cambridge, Comedy, Criterion, Dominion, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Duchess, Duke of Yorks, Fortune, Garrick, Gielgud, Haymarket, Her Majestys, London Palladium, Lyceum, Lyric, New Ambassadors, New London, Palace, Phoenix, Piccadilly, Playhouse, Prince Edward, Prince of Wales, Queens, Savoy, Shaftesbury, St Martins, Strand, Trafalgar Studios, Vaudeville, Wyndhams. Other central theatres not classified as West End include the Donmar Warehouse, National Theatre, Old Vic, Victoria Palace, Apollo Victoria, Lilian Baylis Saddlers Wells, Peacock, Almeida and the Royal Court.

American Authors: Building Character One Sentence at a Time Essay

Most of today's writers get their inspiration from other writers, whether it be present day authors or primitive. All of them have their own style of writing for their stories. Today we mostly see books about sparkling vampires and paranormal stories involving teenagers who investigate the issue. Back then, the stories had more of a meaning. Some of the stories were about the government, society, or their own personal life. Most of today's stories do not have a real meaning behind their stories, unlike the stories Olaudah Equiano, Anne Bradstreet, Jonathon Edwards, Patrick Henry, and William Bryant wrote. Each of these writers had their own writing approach and plot. However, there are writers who still write like Equiano, Bradstreet, Edwards, Henry, and Bryant. They were influenced by the famous authors I listed beforehand. These new authors have paved the way for present and future writers. Olaudah Equiano was an African American who wrote about the hardships he endured as a slave. Equiano was kidnapped and sold into slavery when he was eleven years old. He was very intelligent for a slave with no education. Olaudah encountered other hardships, like losing touch with his family and home life. He lost his sister quite a few times during his term as a slave, also. He saved up his money during his time of being a slave and eventually bought his own slaveryBefore Equiano bought his freedom, he acquired a skill for seamanship and traveled long distances. He was trained by his slave owner who was a captain at sea. Equiano documented his life by a journal. In his journal, titled â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa,† he had daily entries that described what was happening during his time ... ...ar would have never happened, we would not have liberty or a fully functioning government. We would also be void of free trade. Patrick Henry helped form the basis for today's society. All of these people have been extremely important to today's character. Each person has played a role in government and writing. They have all formed a basis for whatever they were working on. Without the ideas of government from Henry, we would have a different political system all together. Anne Bradstreet and William Cullen Bryant have helped piece together poetry. Anne and Jonathon catapulted religious views. Bradstreet and Equiano helped people understand that not everyone leads a perfectly happy life and many were mistreated. Olaudah Equiano was vastly important to the abolition of slavery. We have all of them to thank for the society, government, and literature we have today.

Arthur Miller Explores the Idea of Justice in A View From The Bridge :: English Literature

How does Arthur Miller explore the idea of justice in A View From The Bridge. The play ‘A View From The Bridge’ by Arthur Miller is set in the American Sicilian community of Red Hook, in Brooklyn. Community bonds and strong codes of justice are very important in the community. Betrayal of your family or your community is the worst crime you can commit. For instance the story of Vinny Bolzano that Eddie told to Catherine and Beatrice. The story that Eddie told Catherine and Beatrice was the story of Vinny Bolzano. It was about a boy aged about fourteen years old who told the police that his family were hiding his uncle, who was an illegal immigrant. When his family found out that it was Vinny who had told the police about the uncle they disowned him. The whole community turned against him. They even kicked and beat him. â€Å"grabbed him in the kitchen and pulled him down the stairs – three flights his head was bouncin’ like a coconut.† Not betraying your family was so important to Eddie as you would be going against the community codes and this was not done. If it were, the community would disown you. Honour and reputation are also very important to the community. Eddie says to Catherine â€Å"You can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away.† Eddie is saying that once you have lost your reputation you will find it nearly impossible to get back. In the play the character Alfieri role is to act as the narrator and to move the play along in time. He knows what will happen in the play. For instance he knows that Eddie Carbone will be killed at some point within the play. He refers to this in his very first speech. â€Å"This ones name was Eddie Carbone† â€Å"and watched it run its bloody course.† When reading or watching the play you will know that Eddie will be killed some time within the play but you do not know when, this creates dramatic tension. So you’ll know that they wont be a happy ending but you’ll be curious as to how the play will end. He also makes lots of references to the law particularly in his first speech. â€Å"a lawyer means the law† â€Å"the law has not been friendly.† The second quote comes from Alfieri in his first speech and he is saying that in the community Red Hook, where he works, a lawyer is thought of as unlucky. This is because they are only connected with disaster. Because the community of Red Hook is a poor community and nobody has